askchapo

Liberalism is a political philosophy which generally embraces republicanism, constitutionalism, rule of law, political equality, free markets, private property, among other things. Setting aside the outright Fascists, the majority of American Conservatives are in-fact Liberals, though they have exceedingly terrible opinions about social equality. The spectrum of acceptable political discourse in the US is simply so narrow that it runs from Liberal to Liberal but enthusiastically bigoted.

From the Marxist perspective, culture, politics, and ideology are all outgrowths of the underlying material conditions. In the grand durée of history, the emergence of Liberalism coincides with the wave of Bourgeois revolutions which marked the transition from Feudalism to Capitalism as the prevailing mode of production (which didn't happen everywhere all at the same time). To this day it is the prevailing ideological framework under the conditions of Capitalism (except under conditions of overwhelming crisis where all pretenses of republicanism and rule of law are dropped to defend private property against the threat of social unrest).

The Marxist critique of Liberalism comes from a few angles. Naturally, we take issue with the inviolable right to private property. We believe in the collectivization of the means of production. Likewise, we take issue with the sort of free market absolutism which puts a price tag on everything under the Sun and turns everything into a commodity. We think the rule of law, republicanism, and constitutionalism are all for the birds insofar as these institutions stand as a bulwark against the realization social justice (which they invariably do under a Capitalist oligarchy).

But more fundamentally, we are Materialists. This gets really abstract, but basically there are two overarching schools of philosophical thought: Idealism and Materialism. Idealists believe that ideas are the driving force in nature, which the world is shaped by, while Materialists believe that our ideas are simply a reflection of the material world we find ourselves in. Liberalism is an idealist philosophy. It essentially proposes "This is the way things ought to be. If enough of us share this belief, it shall be so." Marxism is a materialist philosophy. It begins with an empirical study of the material conditions throughout history, attempts to identify the processes which are unfolding, the forces which transform society, and uses that as a basis for identifying the most fertile points of social struggle.

Thanks to two red scares and a cold war, the meaning of liberalism was lost to Americans, and the word became a floating signifier that anyone could define however they liked for whatever purpose. But socialists have stayed true to its original meaning. A Marxist definition of liberalism makes even clearer the close relationship between liberalism and capitalism.

Bernie Sanders is correct when he says he’s a liberal, but he’s incorrect when he says he’s a socialist, because he has never and will never call for the abolition of private ownership of the means of production.

Looking it up, the definition of liberalism specifies a belief in maximum personal freedom, especially as guaranteed by a government

"Maximizing personal freedom" is just a roundabout way of saying "property rights". Property is the primary freedom that is defined and enshrined in US law -- all other freedoms stem from that. In this country, you are free to do what you like... provided it's on your own private land. Renting? Need the landlord's permission. Out and about? You need to follow city or county laws. Homeless? If you don't have a permanent address, you're not a real person as far as most of our institutions - both public and private - are concerned.

Our government was founded on liberal principals -- if those principals were merely about preserving people's agency, why were the freedoms of native peoples so completely crushed? A semi-nomadic life, with a concept of stewardship - rather than ownership - of the land, is just a different shape agency can take. And yet our liberal government could not tolerate such a state of existing. The people of this land were corralled, were marched, were slaughtered by thousands and millions. Because it was never about agency. The slogan of the country, Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness, was originally written to be Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Property.

Liberalism is an ideology that exists to justify the power people were already wielding thru private property. It is how capitalist argued in favor of their own position, couched in language tailored to appeal to more than just other capitalists. It's similar to how the logic of feudalism came after wealthy and well armed families slaughtered their way to the top, to stabilize their comfortable position within society.

I, for example, consider myself a liberal, but I'm most certainly not a capitalist.

What would you say you are instead?

Do y'all really trust your governments to look after your best interests?

I want my government torn down brick by brick. It needs to be entirely rebuilt.

my rights are guaranteed by our constitution.

What rights? Your right to an abortion? Your right to housing? To be fed and educated? To not be exploited by the rich? The constitution does not cover many rights which I find extremely important. The rights it does cover are often ignored when convenient.

Looking it up, the definition of liberalism specifies a belief in maximum personal freedom, especially as guaranteed by a government.

From a certain perspective, this is true, though I do not consider it the most useful framing. What liberalism is oriented around is freedom of a person to own many different things as property and to have personal sovereignty over that property (to an extent). Everything else, the freedom that can be interpreted as extending beyond that, is functionally for the most part freedom to use property as you like. To communists, the most notorious example is freedom of speech as practiced in liberal states, which is the freedom of the owners of media empires to saturate the public sphere with whatever messaging they like. What a private citizen says doesn't matter in this context, but by couching it in personal expression rather than the publishing ability of capitalists, you can protect the latter with a legal common cause with the former.

Considering that 90% of governments in the world are endlessly corrupt, capitalist or not,

I'm not invested in telling you what you should conclude here, but speaking broadly of "corruption" without investigating the political-economic systems is worse than useless. You can't get anywhere opposing something when you don't know how it works.

It's even more of a weaselword when you look at how "corruption" as a legal distinction obfuscates the legal methods of controlling the government that are nonetheless completely monstrous, like the notorious state of "lobbying" (legalized bribery) in the US.

I'd much prefer one that guarantees its citizens rights as a matter of course rather than begrudgingly grants them privileges that can be taken away without public oversight.

And here we have already run into a practical consequence of the failure of the "corruption" analysis, because these two are not as-given at all different. In a country like the US, you still just have rights until you don't, see the Patriot Act, Qualified Immunity, Expedited Removal, etc. See how Austria has recently announced that professing to value Palestinian lives is a terrorist act or look up all the people arrested in the UK for protesting the monarchy. Here you can hear about the Minneapolis police having committed documented hate crimes in a systemic fashion and to this day facing no repercussions.

I can keep listing examples, but the high-order point I mean to convey is that you have built your castle of rights on open air and you are as a sinner in the hands of an angry God, where in this metaphor the Capitalists are God and Fascism is the drop into Hell. They need merely choose it and you will have no recourse but to fall.

Do y'all really trust your governments to look after your best interests?

This is "socialism is when the government does stuff" thinking. No, socialists aren't interested in merely trusting the government more, they want a system of power in which the state is wielded by the people to suppress the capitalists so that actual democracy can run things.

As a U.S. American, I know I wouldn't trust my government or politicians to do anything but enrich themselves at my expense, but I don't have to; my rights are guaranteed by our constitution.

As I said, they are guaranteed until they aren't. I don't understand how someone can look at the last quarter-century of comically flagrant constitutional violations with no recourse for the people to take and say "It's not a matter of trust, my rights are guaranteed". It's not even a matter of trust, it's a matter of denial.

Someone else will answer you better than I can, but liberals are definitely capitalist, right-wing and imperialist.

Since when are capitalism and liberalism related?

A Liberal political party is the face of the USA right now. You know, capitalism central?

Do y'all really trust your governments to look after your best interests? As a U.S. American, I know I wouldn't trust my government or politicians to do anything but enrich themselves at my expense, but I don't have to; my rights are guaranteed by our constitution.

We don't trust capitalist governments to look after our best interests.

my rights are guaranteed by our constitution.

No, they aren't. Slavery is still legal in the US if the state deems you a criminal.

What about your right to health? Education? What about your democratic rights? What about a right to clean water? What about the rights of indigenous people to not have their land stolen and a pipeline run through their land without permission? Why do private donors and corporations have more of the government's ear than the people do? Why can the rich lie and cheat and steal and kill people and entire ecosystems without any real punishment? Why can they arrest people for protesting? Why can the government buy your personal info from tech companies any time they want? What about the rights of homeless people not to be removed by police for existing? What about the rights of all the countries the US invades? What about the rights of the millions of people who died from the pandemic so corporations wouldn't lose too much profit? What about the genocides the US is funding? The rights of the people the US coups to decide their own governments? The rights of those kids in cages at the border?

I don't see any liberal governments passing any policies that indicate they are anything but Republican-lite. Literally most if not all of the Democratic party are landlords that do not give a fuck about you or your rights. If they cared about peoples rights they wouldn't allow the Republican party to exist, let alone "reach across the isle".

The problem with liberalism is that it pretends to be about personal freedom, but personal freedom for who? Only people with money.

, but I'll bite

Liberalism is the ideology that emerged in opposition to royalism during the European bourgeois revolutions and the American creole revolutions. It advocates for a capitalist system that is progressive in the context of feudalism, but conservative in the context of socialism. Every political organization that holds any real power in the USA represents some strain of liberalism. Anticapitalist liberalism is not a thing. Liberals may advocate for socialist structures within the capitalist system, but will never support the actions necessary to dismantle the wealth and power of the capitalist class.

As far as I've always known, liberalism is a social ideology, while capitalism is an economic system.

So others have pointed out specific problems with your definition of liberalism, but I wanted to critique this particular line as this gets to a more fundamental framing issue that applies to any political theory: you cannot cleanly dissect a political ideology into social and economic, they are intertwined. It is why the term “political economy” exists. I think this misconception comes from the vision of economics that paints it as money physics. Economics is fundamentally sociology, it’s the way societies structure the production and distribution of goods and services. Those structures shape what the social units and norms look like. So social structures and economic structures form a certain feedback loop of dependency on each other but also shaping each other.

To piggyback on Llituro’s comment, the rights a state ensures, what it will enforce on others on your behalf and what it doesn’t guarantee, are not arbitrary or accidents of history, they’re fundamental shapers of society. The state will not guarantee resources to ensure workers control the means of production, but it will use them to ensure private property, up to and including state violence. That creates a social system of prioritizing property owners over non-owners.

Now that’s not to say that you can’t have personal freedom in a non-liberal political economy; socialism is a broad umbrella with anarcho-socialist and libertarian socialist branches. But how personal freedoms are structured and defined in those systems is going to be different than how liberalism defines them because the economic component is different.

As far as I've always known....As a U.S. American

your political, civil, and historical education has been so lackluster and propagandistic that it is functionally worse than useless to you. this would be difficult for a forum post to particularly correct.

I'm most certainly not a capitalist. I'm stuck in a capitalist society in which I have to play by the rules if I want to feed my family, but that's as far as my support for the system goes. I'm pretty sure a lot of Americans feel this way.

this is a correct statement, assuming that you don't own capital.

Looking it up, the definition of liberalism...

the dictionary definition? an encyclopedic definition? a political scientist's definition? you're asking about the particulars of calling all capitalists liberals, or presumably saying something like Republicans are liberals, which is true, but you seem to be coming in without a very historically informed view of liberalism as a political concept. everywhere outside of us america considers liberalism to be specifically the political norm of capitalist states. the primary responsibility of the state is the mediation of capital under the liberal and bourgeois order. this is what you currently reside under. the american Republican party is liberal because they're aggressively pro-capitalism with fascist characteristics. the american Democratic party differs from this in the form of small particulars, such as how to treat groups of people with very little political capital or economically organized power, but not at all in the main task of the government being to ensure the continued and smooth operation of capital. as capital continues to decay, the reaction between capitalists and the state will continue to develop in contradictory ways. liberalism is the politics of the capitalist, by definition.

personal freedom, especially as guaranteed by a government.

what does that mean exactly? personal freedom to do what? to starve without work from a capitalist, to freeze without renting from a capitalist, to be executed by the state for exercising the freedom to do either? you will find that you are not free from such burdens. you are only freed by the state to engage in capitalism. i know that you think that the protection you are given to speak and assemble freely, to be free from state exploitation, exists for you and not for say, a Chinese person. however, that cannot be the case. during the 2020 protests in the us, cops were shooting journalists in the face with rubber bullets and using chemical warfare that is banned in intrastate warfare. during covid protests in china, the state ultimately decided to lift many of the ongoing restrictions. you are free to protest the state, but you are not free to actually act against it, nor are you free when you threaten capital.

Do y'all really trust your governments to look after your best interests?

which brings us to: no, we have no trust in the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie in the form of any particular state to magically look after any proletarian. the belief of many people here is that the apparatus of a state, which is to say the notions of sovereignty and social ownership, could be effectively wielded on behalf of the proletariat. that isn't a belief that the us political structure dreamed up by the owners and systematic abusers of human beings 300 years ago had ideas that are impossible to improve upon. it is the opposite: this structure is designed for and only capable of the benefit of capitalists.

your beliefs about certain other currently existing or historically notionally socialist states are likely mired in a large amount of literal cia propaganda.

if you're serious about learning more, i highly recommend reading Debt: the First 5000 Years by David Graeber. he was a serious anthropologist, and this is his best work. the writing is also much more enjoyable than most academic prose. the reason i recommend this is because there's a lot of class history wrapped up around a central economic concept and not political development specifically.

Liberalism is capitalist realism, and anti-communist. It's anti-democracy as well, so long as you define democracy as doing what the people want (That's clearly an impossible way to ride a bike!). Capitalism/liberalism calls itself democracy, but is really just profit seeking. Sometimes the highest expected profits come from doing what people want, just as often it comes from creating toll booths between people and readily available resources so you can extract a profit (enclosure).

tl;dr

Liberalism as you understand it, is a word invented American conservatives to slander any sort of social reform as an elitist project. In the rest of the world, it means being committed to free-market ideology.

Lot of good answers, I just wanna do my usual and show my love for when fedusers come and ask questions from a place of genuineness and goodwill.

From the sounds of it, we agree on most fundamental ideas (capitalism sucks, rights should be guaranteed). The only two cents I'd offer are that you should think about why your government (and also every corporation) is incentivised to enrich themselves at your expense, and then try to envision a way to restructure society so that isn't such a strong incentive. This was how I took my first step from "Capitalism sucks but I don't know if socialism is any better" to "Maybe the commies were right all along"

Liberalism is the political system of capitalism. Its beliefs are: Free markets and competition, protection of property rights and opening new markets.

Nothing else in liberalism is inherently left or right wing. The political system of America during slavery was liberalism. America during segregation was liberalism. Abortion has been rolled backwards under liberalism. The Japanese far right inheritor of the fascists party is called the liberal party.

You have been confused and politically mis-educated about what liberalism is by the american landscape of culture war politics.

Liberalism is an economic political ideology, like socialism, socialism holds nearly polar opposite economic political beliefs to it.

Looking it up, the definition of liberalism specifies a belief in maximum personal freedom, especially as guaranteed by a government.

Personal freedom FOR WHOM ?

If you are a worker you have no freedom. You are forced to work, trapped in a system where if you do not work you go homeless and die. You are barely different to a slave, the chains are just more abstract now and you get to swap who your owner is every now and then.

The personal freedom liberals want is for the people that hold property, not for the workers. It is the belief in the freedom of capital to exploit and do whatever it wants. Liberal "freedom" is not personal freedom it is the financial freedom of the ruling class to utilise their capital to exploit the workers to maximum effect.

I, for example, consider myself a liberal, but I'm most certainly not a capitalist.

Stop calling yourself a liberal then and start immersing yourself in socialist spaces where you'll actually learn what alternatives exist to capitalism.

my rights are guaranteed by our constitution.

The state will leave you alone as long as you are not a threat to it. The very moment you pose any sort of threat to it your rights vanish. The US has a history of murdering socialists, Assange is certainly not being given any rights, the cop city protestors are certainly not being given any rights, in fact wasn't one summarily executed not long ago? Self described liberals are entirely oblivious.

Here is a previous response to this question, I feel like a lot of socialists come off as having changed the definition of "liberal" when actually it was the capitalists who changed it.

One important distinction is, there is no separation between the social and the economic: Economics are a social relation. False distinctions like this are an example of the sort of thinking that we often criticize.

Liberals emerged as the opposition to the feudal system, along with enlightenment philosophy, science, industrialization, etc. Revolutionary liberals wanted freedom, democracy, self determination, independence, freedom of movement, and a world without the tyranny of a king. The class that emerged during these periods was the capitalists who also wanted to get away from the feudal system ruled by nobles and the church, who said, "the way to get rid of these feudal relations and get freedom, democracy and independence is a system built around private property rights." But of course once the capitalists seized power and owned everything, those other values of self determination, freedom, independence all became wrapped up in and subordinated to private property.

Now when people talk about these values, the only one that really has any social substance is property. Socialists are in many ways the inheritors of that first mission that early radical liberals were fighting for, but when we talk about liberals, what we mean is anyone who believes that private property is a core political and social value to uphold. This includes most conservatives and what would traditionally be considered as liberals, like the Democratic party. But we recognize that private property and capitalism was not the way to win freedom from tyranny, it was just a new form of tyranny. It was a big con, a game of switcheroo, and it continues to be that to this day. Liberals can't really see it because there are things that they believe to be essential and natural that are really social and historically contingent. But becoming a socialist we have to sort of de-liberalize in that we purge those core beliefs that uphold private property and dictatorship of capitalists, which has this weird side effect of always having to distinguish our socialist beliefs from liberalism.

Hakim has a great video on this titled "What Exactly is Liberalism? (no, it's not about being "woke")"

Prolewiki has an article on it.

When you call yourself a liberal, you're probably not using the term in the strict sense. Here, the "maximum personal freedom" really just means the freedom for capitalists to exploit workers by owning private property and the means of production, which is supporting capitalism.

This isn't true freedom; it's freedom only for the bourgeoisie, while workers (the vast majority of humanity) will never be free under this system, and the root cause of inequality (class society and its contradictions) will never be solved.

As a U.S. American, I know I wouldn't trust my government or politicians to do anything but enrich themselves at my expense, but I don't have to; my rights are guaranteed by our constitution

This is meant in good faith: A constitution does not protect or guarantee any rights

A constitution is just a piece of paper that says what rights should be protected, but at the end of the day, it's just words on a page. There is no power in it. Any protections offered by it - and any ability to prosecute failures of it - are enforced by the same state that has the power to change, interpret, or ignore it

Using a constitution as a legal framework for arguments is fine. Expecting it to protect you from government overreach is, unfortunately, naive. If the government - any government - chooses to violate the constitution, then your only recourse is to hope that same government prosecutes itself, and that's never going to happen. And if the government ever turns to full fascism, the constitution sure as shit won't stop a fascist bullet in its tracks either

Also, in what world do US politicians not use their position to enrich themselves at their constituents' expense? That's basically all they do, and occasionally make laws. If you truly believe that any politician of any party in the US is working out of the goodness of their hearts and a supreme love of the constitution and helping people, then I would sincerely suggest you ignore any offers of people selling bridges, no matter how good the deal

Read "Liberalism: A Counter-History" by Domenico Losurdo

Liberalism is the name of the theory/ideology behind capitalism, which was codified over the 18th and 19th centuries. This might be confusing for Americans because the word "liberal" has come to colloquially mean "socially progressive" there. Why is it called that? Because the old bourgeois intelligentsia preached things like personal liberty and freedom (for themselves at least), which mostly manifested itself in the right to own private property (which is not to be confused with personal property!), positioning themselves against the old aristocratic regime. The "social" and the "economic" aspects are not separated and they cannot be separated. Both "progressive" liberalism and neoconservatism are modern offshoots of the same liberal ideology, which is why Marxists continue to use the term "liberal" to mean "capitalist ideologue or apologist".
Marxists recognize that the kind of freedom that liberals preach is a sham. It's freedom for the bourgeoisie to exploit the workers and to hoard resources for themselves while depriving most of the population of the goods that they themselves (the workers) produce. Bourgeois elections are also a sham because the candidates merely represent different sections of the bourgeoisie, usually one which is slightly more socially progressive (and which becomes less socially progressive every election) and which maybe offers more concessions to working class people (a very unpopular policy among the bourgeoisie), and another which is usually socially conservative/reactionary.
We Marxists also stress that governments are not neutral entities of abstract power, but they have a class character. Capitalist countries have governments ran by their ruling class, the bourgeoisie. The bourgeois state is used as a weapon of class warfare, producing things like propaganda, giving concessions to the working class when they absolutely have to, and otherwise using violence to keep their populations in check, all while pursuing the best interests of the ruling class. A socialist government would instead look after the interests of the people, but the current US government only looks after the interests of the rich.
That's the gist of it. English is not my first language, so if anything is confusing, feel free to reply and I'll respond.

Why do y'all refer to all capitalists as liberals when at least half (probably more, at least in my experience) are conservatives?

Unless you're telling me that a conservative here means someone who wants to return to the feudal ages, all conservatives are liberals by my own guidelines, look further more down.

Also, you seem to be concerned with liberal human rights, so check on my spoiler beforehand if you will, for explanation

On human rights, individualism, freedoms et all that

I, for example, consider myself a liberal, but I'm most certainly not a capitalist. I'm stuck in a capitalist society in which I have to play by the rules if I want to feed my family, but that's as far as my support for the system goes. I'm pretty sure a lot of Americans feel this way.

If you're support Capital's economic policies and its resulting formation and influence of modern culture, governance, and foreign policy issues in your governments, yes, you are a liberal.

That indicates your support of the growth and dominance of:

1. The 'middle' class

(Professional Managers who often manage et protect Capital, usually in corporations; they rely largely on big salaries et commissions)

(Petit-bourgeoisie, or small business, who are usually more right-libertarian and aggressive in America and the rest of the rest, but fine in a smaller scale in the third world)

The 3 main Capitalists/ haute bourgeoisie in our society

2. landlords and farmowners

3. industrialists

4. bankers, financiers, shareholders, et the like

5. comprador capitalists (local capitalists in the Third World/Global South who sell their country to imperial, usually western interests, to give you commodities from your shoes to iPhones, but hey, investment = prosperity, according to what liberals think, though not necessarily you)

(Eg. Taiwan, Japan and South Korea are rich comprador nations, but so are the Philippines and Turkey, which are 'poorer'.)

6. settler-colonialists: people who seek to displace an indigenous people via force by displacement, conflict, if not genocide, in order to replace them with a more 'superior', usually entrepreneurial society (remember America? Argentina? Australia)

Note: And often, foreign policy is used to defend those compradors and settlers.

But also importantly:

7. western 'culture', 'ideology' et values (since capitalism was fully birthed by the West, especially the U.S et Britain, which has been wielding it as an economic system of dominance. )

This isn't necessarily a proper definition but certainly a guideline of examples of how to be a liberal....

You might certainly be a liberal if you might idealistically think small businesses are the actual form of capitalism while also saying the same for getting rich on publicly-traded stocks from large corporations, so by those measures we will consider you a liberal.

I, for example, consider myself a liberal, but I'm most certainly not a capitalist.

So are you calling yourself a socialist? A liberal socialist?

Liberalism is the ideology that justifies the continued existence of capitalism, there are many sub-species of liberalism but the core between all of them is the dogmatic worship of capitalist property relations

Economics (in the colloquial sense) is the material means by which a specific social order reproduces itself, but the social order still needs a social ideology to justify the economic order, otherwise people who are destroyed by capitalism would revolt and smash the economic and social order, Liberalism is that social ideology

Far from advancing the rights of individuals or championing liberty, it apes the rhetoric of socialists and their two-centuries long struggles to protect the "rights" of capitalists to exploit workers and the environment

People who lack political education usually mistake reluctant liberal capitulation to socialist demands for social progress as an example of liberalism advancing said progressive policies, when in reality liberals are only making a tactical retreat to offset the possibility of revolution

Tldr: Liberalism is the software to capitalism's hardware

short answer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalism

longer answer: Liberalism is the founding political and economic philosophy of Capitalism. In the US sense, liberals (Dems) and conversatives (Repubs) are both just different flavors of the same liberal understanding of the world. This is the real difference between 'liberals' and 'leftists'. Actual leftists are most commonly on the anarchist to communist spectrum, the unifying criteria being opposition to Capitalism. Both Dems and Repubs in the US support Capitalism. They may quibble loudly and publicly about how best to 'do Capitalism', but neither seek to oppose Capitalism in any meaningful way. That makes them both liberals.

I know I wouldn't trust my government or politicians to do anything but enrich themselves at my expense, but I don't have to; my rights are guaranteed by our constitution.

Now if we could just get them to stop funding and committing genocide...

holy fucking shit those are some big you got there

If the people of the USA had any power in the US geopolitical order, there would be so many political changes from the status quo. There's tons of polling about how USA voters support decriminalizing cannabis, sensible gun regulations, medicare4all, rights to reproductive healthcare including abortions and birth control, etc and the Dems and Repubs will never do this. They use all these 'wedge issues' and 'culture war' stuff to maintain the duopoly of power that maintains the status quo. and their place within it. This is why the Dems never codified Roe vs Wade into actual law, they have relied on this issue to get 'liberals' to go vote for them against those terrible Repubs. This is why Obamacare is just another flavor of Romneycare literally! Their policies are basically the same because they see the world through the same lens of Capitalism. No solution or policy can go against that while they maintain power.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_liberalism

Oof. There's a whole lot of history to go through to explain all of this. Like "libera" as it's used in American discourse and "Liberal" as it's used in more academic, especially marxist, political economy have different meanings. In common American usage "Liberal" is a loose set of progressive ideals. In politics and economics liberalism is tied to concepts like the "free market", ideas about state regulation of the economy, a lot of other shit. I don't have the juice to really go in to it write now and i'm really not the best person for it.

Economics is politics. The people who managed to convinced others that they’re separate or should be separate are the same ones robbing them. Even if they’re not “inherently” related, when the vast majority of people following an ideology start promoting certain things, those things will become part of the ideology. It’s interesting that you dislike capitalism, but you still adhere to the constitution outside of legalese with lawyers as if it has some power beyond our understanding. What do you think the constitution was written to defend? What country does it belong to?

In a strict sense, classical liberalism is free market capitalism. Neoliberalism is also free market capitalism, except more absurd and fantastical because they’re unbound by any of their own conventions and concepts they champion. Seriously, the classical liberals despised rent.

It just so happens that the people who champion themselves as liberals also fit into one of these two camps whether they’re dedicated followers of politics or just casual voters. In a more vibes based sense, liberals also associate themselves with capitalism on their own volition, so, it’s not my fault that they’re conflated.

Did they not teach you about John Locke in your US History class?

Ok if i were to troll this place id make this exact post

Seriously tho, Nice responses everyone very thoughtful

Social ideologies and economic ideologies are not, by default, separate things.

Hey, this is more of a linguistic history answer.

In the US, some writers like Mill or Painewere more popular, who truly saw liberalism as an emancipatory force that could uplift minorities into respectable culture. You can still see this in the left liberal running joke "more black girlbosses", wherein emancipation is a small number of a minority becomes business owners. This concept of "liberalism" became more popular with Lincoln and FDR and is now what Americans imagine "liberals" are. Their opposite, conservatives, evolved from monarchists to supporters of a nascent aristocracy, to local business interests (which means oil interests, agribusiness, etc). Conserving current power, as it were.

In Europe, however, other writers were popular, and liberalism remained more of an umbrella term for the property rights parties.

Liberals think their philosophy is about republicanism, democracy, individual rights eyc. but the socialist critique would argue that it has always been about a universalisation of property rights, specifically under the hegemony of Western European pedigree. Even other concepts of property rights are there to be brutally swept aside if they cannot be linked in to the hegemony, and liberal democracies are very comfortable with non-democracies without civil rights, and are comfortable violating the sovereignty of republics that don't hook into their markets.

Before liberalism, there were a lot of different kinds of property that could be taken or used in different ways or by different people. A lot of property was considered "rented" from the monarch, but there was also the church lands and the commons. An idea of an individual peasant owning a specific section of grass didn't exist, or at least wouldn't remotely be enforced. The encroachment of exclusive inviolable property advanced over centuries, to the point where the main form of aristocracy with power was ones that made the jump to becoming capitalists. The emancipation of slaves was in part justified with giving them access to the ability to own property.

Slaves were an interesting case as a big part of the expansion of liberalism was arguments over slavery, as they were a special type of property. A capitalist may believe that he is entitled to the produce of his property, but the church argued that the slaves souls were God's domain, and thus holy acts (like marriage, baptism, birth) were outside the purview of the capitalist, could not be prevented or exploited. This squabble and others like it was a big part of the secularisation of liberalism and squashing out the power of the church, argues Losurdo in "Liberalism: A Counter-history", rather than "Enlightenment values" as Whig history would claim.

Of course now, liberals would argue, we don't have slaves and so long as sweatshop workers in Indonesia have the right to own property, regardless of their actual access or ability, they are not slaves. Indeed, one could argue that many liberals think of slavery as being barred from property relations. This can be seen every time a business owner is barred from a property relationship. Something something freedom rar rar.

Obviously, not every liberal is a capitalist.

"True" idealised liberalism hasn't ever existed, but every time it has gotten close it has resulted in so much human misery and squalor that capitalists as a class have released the reigns a bit (great depression, postwar welfare etc).

if you support private property you're a lib