lvxferre

joined 10 months ago
MODERATOR OF
[–] [email protected] 14 points 1 day ago

Easier: n(13-n).

[–] [email protected] 3 points 1 day ago

Then ask her to explain some current meme. Skibidi toilet? C’mon, do you honestly even want to know what that means? We’re too old for that crap.

🚽 😠 vs. 📺 👍. The epic of our times. It might not be what we wanted, but it's what we deserve. 3/10, complete brain rot, I heavily recommend it.

[–] [email protected] 5 points 1 day ago

I'm almost 40yo. I got a few good ones explaining stuff to my nephew, who's now 16:

  • The opening in my older computer case, covered with cardboard. It was a floppy disk drive that stopped working, the case predates the marriage of his parents.
  • Why we didn't simply "look it up" to know that the Mew under the truck rumours were false.
  • What the fuck "paint online" is supposed to be. (Tibia, a MMO fairly popular among people in my generation, when we were at his age.)
  • Weird popular names for money, like "pila" (after a politician, Raul Pilla), "cruzeiro" (old coin, replaced by the real in 1993), or "mirreis" (mil reis, after another coin).
[–] [email protected] 3 points 1 day ago

In this context "politics" clearly conveys "things directly related to governments, such as wars, elections, or socio-economical ideologies". It is only a subset of the definition of politics that you're probably using, something like "things direct or indirectly related to human groups and their conflicts of interest".

We got a whole Lemmy to talk about Israel vs. Hamas, late stage capitalism, elections etc. We could - and should - have at least one community to chill and talk about other stuff, and without that rule we won't have it. For example without that rule 99.99999% of the content as of late 2024 would be about Trump, as if Americans didn't have multiple communities to talk about it already.

[–] [email protected] 40 points 2 days ago (3 children)

The userbase is small but stable.

[–] [email protected] 7 points 2 days ago

I agree that Reddit will become irrelevant to internet power users. However, I disagree that it takes a massive fuckup to lose the critical mass of users.

A simple way to explain this is to imagine that everyone has an individual "I'm pissed and I leave" threshold; if a platform displeases a user more than that threshold, they leave.

For power users, this threshold is really low, so they ditch platforms like Reddit faster. However, that does not mean that the others aren't getting displeased - they do; it might not be enough to convince them to leave, but it quickly piles up with other things displeasing them.

As such, even a large platform can lose that critical mass of users over time, even without a massive fuckup. It's just about small things piling up.

Another thing to consider is that power users are more important to a platform than the rest of the userbase, because the power users interact with the platform more. And they're typically the ones doing janny crap, or finding and sharing content, or that actually have anything meaningful to add instead of "lol lmao". So once the power users leave, the platform becomes less desirable for the others too, and that's recursive - as the power users leave, the almost-power users leave too, then the ones after them, so goes on. And there the critical mass goes down the drain.

[–] [email protected] 7 points 2 days ago

My guess: there won't be a specific date that you can poinpoint and say "Reddit died here". It'll be a slow decline, with small outbursts of re-engagement. Something like this:

Profit will follow a similar pattern, as both things are intertwined.

[–] [email protected] 3 points 2 days ago

Ginger with turmeric? Now that's something I need to try. Thanks for the rec!

[–] [email protected] 7 points 2 days ago (2 children)

Ginger. But only because I refuse to call yerba mate "tea".

[–] [email protected] 6 points 2 days ago (1 children)

I wish that it was darin (darling). It rolls off the tongue so much better.

[–] [email protected] 4 points 3 days ago* (last edited 3 days ago)

I don't think that handedness plays a huge role. I think that in some cases it's simply random, and in other cases it's "we write in this direction because that's how we learned it".

Inkwriting exists since at least the 2500 BCE, it was already used with hieroglyphs, and yet you see those being written left to right, right to left, boustrophedon, it's a mess. Even with the Greek alphabet, people only stopped using boustrophedon so much around 300 BCE or so.

Plus if it played a role we'd see the opposite of what we see today - since the Arabic abjad clearly evolved among people who wrote with ink, that's why it's so cursive. In the meantime the favourite customary writing medium for Latin was wax tablets, where smudging ink is no issue:

[–] [email protected] 13 points 4 days ago

Just tested it. It works.

 

Link for the Science research article. The observation that societies without access to softer food kind of avoided labiodentals is old, from 1985, but the research is recent-ish (2019).

1
submitted 9 months ago* (last edited 9 months ago) by [email protected] to c/[email protected]
 

Même texte en français ici. I'll copypaste the English version here in case of paywall.

Accents are one of the cherished hallmarks of cultural diversity.

Why AI software ‘softening’ accents is problematic

Published 2024/Jan/11
by Grégory Miras, Professeur des Universités en didactique des langues, Université de Lorraine

“Why isn’t it a beautiful thing?” a puzzled Sharath Keshava Narayana asked of his AI device masking accents.

Produced by his company, Sanas, the recent technology seeks to “soften” the accents of call centre workers in real-time to allegedly shield them from bias and discrimination. It has sparked widespread interest both in the English-speaking and French-speaking world since it was launched in September 2022.

Far from everyone is convinced of the software’s anti-racist credentials, however. Rather, critics contend it plunges us into a contemporary dystopia where technology is used to erase individuals’ differences, identity markers and cultures.

To understand them, we could do worse than reviewing what constitutes an accent in the first place. How can they be suppressed? And in what ways does ironing them out bends far more than sound waves?

How artificial intelligence can silence an accent

“Accents” can be defined, among others, as a set of oral clues (vowels, consonants, intonation, etc.) that contribute to the more or less conscious elaboration of hypotheses on the identity of individuals (e.g. geographically or socially). An accent can be described as regional or foreign according to different narratives.

With start-up technologies typically akin to black boxes, we have little information about the tools deployed by Sanas to standardise our way of speaking. However, we know most methods aim to at least partially transform the structure of the sound wave in order to bring certain acoustic cues closer to a perceptive criteria. The technology tweaks vowels, consonants along with parameters such as rhythm, intonation or accentuation. At the same time, the technology will be looking to safeguard as many vocal cues as possible to allow for the recognition of the original speaker’s voice, such as with voice cloning, a process that can result in deepfake vocal scams. These technologies make it possible to dissociate what is speech-related from what is voice-related.

The automatic and real-time processing of speech poses technological difficulties, the main one being the quality of the sound signal to be processed. Software developers have succeeded in overcoming them by basing themselves on deep learning, neural networks, as well as large data bases of speech audio files, which make it possible to better manage the uncertainties in the signal.

In the case of foreign languages, Sylvain Detey, Lionel Fontan and Thomas Pellegrini identify some of the issues inherent in the development of these technologies, including that of which standard to use for comparison, or the role that speech audio files can have in determining them.

The myth of the neutral accent

But accent identification is not limited to acoustics alone. Donald L. Rubin has shown that listeners can recreate the impression of a perceived accent simply by associating faces of supposedly different origins with speech. In fact, absent these other cues, speakers are not so good at recognising accents that they do not regularly hear or that they might stereotypically picture, such as German, which many associate with “aggressive” consonants.

The wishful desire to iron out accents to combat prejudice raises the question of what a “neutral” accent is. Rosina Lippi-Green points out that the ideology of the standard language - the idea that there is a way of expressing oneself that is not marked - holds sway over much of society but has no basis in fact. Vijay Ramjattan further links recent collossal efforts to develop accent “reduction” and “suppression” tools with the neoliberal model, under which people are assigned skills and attributes on which they depend. Recent capitalism perceives language as a skill, and therefore the “wrong accent” is said to lead to reduced opportunities.

Intelligibility thus becomes a pretext for blaming individuals for their lack of skills in tasks requiring oral communication according to Janin Roessel. Rather than forcing individuals with “an accent to reduce it”, researchers such as Munro and Derwing have shown that it is possible to train individuals to adapt their aural abilities to phonological variation. What’s more, it’s not up to individuals to change, but for public policies to better protect those who are discriminated against on the basis of their accent - accentism.

Delete or keep, the chicken or the egg?

In the field of sociology, Wayne Brekhus calls on us to pay specific attention to the invisible, weighing up what isn’t marked as much as what is, the “lack of accent” as well as its reverse. This leads us to reconsider the power relations that exist between individuals and the way in which we homogenise the marked: the one who has (according to others) an accent.

So we are led to Catherine Pascal’s question of how emerging technologies can hone our roles as “citizens” rather than “machines”. To “remove an accent” is to value a dominant type of “accent” while neglecting the fact that other co-factors will participate in the perception of this accent as well as the emergence of discrimination. “Removing the accent” does not remove discrimination. On the contrary, the accent gives voice to identity, thus participating in the phenomena of humanisation, group membership and even empathy: the accent is a channel for otherness.

If technologies such AI and deep learning offers us untapped possibilities, they can also lead to a dystopia where dehumanisation overshadows priorities such as the common good or diversity, as spelt out in the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity. Rather than hiding them, it seems necessary to make recruiters aware of how accents can contribute to customer satisfaction and for politicians to take up this issue.

Research projects such as PROSOPHON at the University of Lorraine (France), which bring together researchers in applied linguistics and work psychology, are aimed at making recruiters more aware of their responsibilities in terms of biais awareness, but also at empowering job applicants “with an accent”. By asking the question “Why isn’t this a beautiful thing?”, companies like SANAS remind us why technologies based on internalized oppressions don’t make people happy at work.

 

Source.

Alt-text: «God was like, "Let there be light," and there was light.»

 

Small bit of info: Charles III still speaks RP, but the prince William (heir to the throne) already shifted to SSBE. Geoffrey Lindsey has a rather good video on that.

 
 

Links to the community:

The community is open for everyone regardless of previous knowledge on the field. Feel free to ask or share stuff about languages and dialects, how they work (grammar, phonology, etc.), where they're from, how people use them, or more general stuff about human linguistic communication.

And the rules are fairly simple. They boil down to 1) stay on-topic, 2) source it when reasonable, 3) avoid pseudoscience.

Have fun!

 

This is a rather long study, from the Oxford Studies in Ancient Documents. Its general content should be clear by the title, and it focuses on three "chunks" of the former Roman empire: Maghreb and Iberia, Gallia and Germania, and the British Isles.

10
Linguistics (mander.xyz)
submitted 10 months ago* (last edited 10 months ago) by [email protected] to c/[email protected]
 

I've recreated a Linguistics community here in mander.xyz. As the sidebar says, it's for everyone, regardless of previous knowledge over the field, so even if you're a layperson feel free to drop by.

Here's the link: [email protected]

In case that you're in a Kbin/Mbin instance and the above doesn't work, try /m/[email protected] instead.

 

Further info: the linguist in question is Lynn S. Eekhof, and she has quite a few publications about the topic, worth IMO reading.

view more: ‹ prev next ›