My biggest question to start with would be "PC or console," if you're looking for control-specific tips.
Generally speaking, ship combat in the early game revolves around a basic sequence of events:
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Get their shields down. If you have the Tachyon Beam science ability equipped (I believe your default science officer has it by default, so it's just a question of whether it's been unlocked yet), use it ASAP when you enter combat - the only catch is that your opponent has to be in front of you to use it. Otherwise, stick with your phasers, and circle/broadside them, so you can use the fore and aft arrays at the same time.
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Once their shields are down, or at least low, come around and hit them with your photon torpedoes.