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Or an immigrant. Or a woman (especially if you're pregnant). Or if you lived near black people or immigrants. Or if you had long hair. Or maybe the local bank manager just didn't like you. These were all acceptable reasons to deny your loan application prior to credit scores.
They literally made decisions based on things you can't control. Banks are now legally prohibited from even asking these things. If you notice, people working at a bank will never ask "where are you from?"
Fuck I sound like a bootlicker but the net result was that it took away some control of the rich to influence social mobility.
But rich people are living organisms and their think tanks are the smartest. They’ve already found ways around it.
As time moves on, a lot of things containing racial bias have gotten more abstract. For example, we don't segregate schools by law anymore, but African-Americans do tend to live in neighborhoods together, those neighborhoods tend to have lower property values, and schools are funded by the taxes on property values. Segregation is still there, but you have to go a few layers deep to find it.
However, as its been forced to get more abstract, it's also become less effective. Without absolute prohibitions against African-Americans attending the same schools as white people, there has been more upwards mobility of African-Americans to live in better neighborhoods with better schools and end cycles of poverty. Still, it would be better if we got rid of this dumb property tax system for schools altogether.
Credit scores are the same. It abstracted away the racism. It's still there, causing unnecessary hardship, but not to the degree previous systems did. There is more room for upwards mobility, but that doesn't mean we should leave it as it is.
That's highly debatable. There are definitely some groups of African Americans who have cracked the glass ceiling. But on average, black household wealth has significantly lagged white wealth accumulation year-over-year. Case in point, the '08 crash decimated black households to the tune of 40% of their total accumulated savings. The COVID crisis saw higher rates of mortality in black communities, as well as higher rates of unemployment, of declines in school completion rates (from high school up through graduate programs), and of divorce. All negatively correlated with wealth accumulation.
Maybe since '89 things have improved. But the last two decades have sucked and African Americans have eaten disproportionate amounts of shit during it.