this post was submitted on 22 Mar 2024
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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rm -rf ${var}/is a disaster waiting to happen.Always do
rm -rf "${var:?}/"so that the script aborts if the variable is empty. Or better yetrm -rf "./${var:?}/".Edited to add quotes. Always quote a path: it might have spaces in it, without quotes that will become multiple paths! Which would also have avoided the particular bug in question.
Is there not also a way to disallow empty variables in the script, I think it is
set -u? Then you don't have to keep thinking "should I add a:?here because if empty it may lead to disaster" all the time. Might be even safer.set -euo pipefailat the top of every script makes stuff a lot safer. Explanation here.Yep! I always do this too.
TL;DR:
eaborts the whole script on a non-zero error.uaborts when using an undefined variable.-o pipefailaborts a piped compound command when one of the piped commands fail.Any other way lies madness. Or erasing the whole filesystem apparently!
Yes! But
-uis for undefined variables. It won't stop a defined variable with an empty value. E.gfoo="".Also
?and:?have the advantage of telling you right then and there where the variable use is that it must be defined or not empty... having to trek back to (likely) the top of the script to check is easily forgotten.Reminds me of a script a colleague has where it would sometimes accidentally wipe the entire production folder on a server. I pointed out the risk in his script and explained how to correct it like 2 years ago, give or take. He said he did, but then last week it happened again because apparently he had several scripts like that and only corrected one.
You can lead a horse to water, but you can't force it to drink.
In this case the issue was that a change between kde5 and kde6 let to the variable being defined as
somepath /(notice the space).And that's why you also surround it with double quotes.
I usually have a whole block that checks if the var exists and exits if not, but this is way more elegant
Protects you from accidentally changing the variable within the block too!