Not to mention, it’s kind of unrealistic to expect all animal to evolve so they look like anthro. Even if all species eventually gain sentience, realistically, not all their bodies would look like anthro, just like how not all caniform (canine-like animal) look the same.

It's theorized that hominids evolved their body plans first, then their intelligence, rather than the other way around. While it's possible for a non-humanoid animal to develop a high level of intelligence, at least having the ability to manipulate objects in complex ways seems to be a significant factor in the development of higher intellect. Intelligence costs energy, so having a big, wrinkly cerebral cortex (or equivalent) is actually a negative unless you can put it to good use.

Then again dolphins are among the smartest animals on the planet and they just have fins for limbs, so it's not the only factor.

It’s also kind of iffy. Imagine how the anthros would feel about ferals of a similar species as them. Imagine how it’d feel to meet an unintelligent four-legged cat as a sapient two-legged cat. It seems weird, especially if the story backround is dark (maybe less so for less serious story, like children story or comedy).

It seems weird to us because we as humans and thus outside observers ultimately see it as two cats. But we generally don't look at monkeys or apes in that way, or if we do, we still acknowledge a significant difference. And people do sometimes try to keep monkeys as pets (key word being try - it never works out for either the monkey or the human). An anthro cat might feel more of a reverence for their evolutionary ancestors due to the similarities, but I otherwise don't think they'd see the "Goofy and Pluto" effect here.

And, of course, the feral cat's not going to care beyond figuring out if the anthro cat is a threat or a new friend. If anything they'd probably have an easier time if body language carries over.

Honestly, one significant factor to consider is how human-like or animal-like anthros are as well. The ubiquitous "petting zoo people" style of anthro in the furry fandom probably wouldn't be how an actual humanoid descendant of a non-primate would look, at least assuming similar environmental factors. What we'd probably end up seeing is a more "balanced" mix of human-like and animal traits. Shorter, broader snouts with more complex facial musculature, hands resembling a mix of a paw and a hand but leaning more towards a hand, an overall body shape a bit closer proportionally to their feral ancestors, etc. I feel like Rio Lepidoptera is a good example of what a realistic evolutionary anthro would look like. And at that point there's definitely a significant difference in physical appearance between the anthro and their evolutionary ancestors, so it would probably make things less weird even from a human point of view.