Right-wing conservatives and those who identify as "gender critical" are up in arms after World Eightball Pool Federation allows trans women to participate.
In recent years, transgender athletes have been targeted by laws and internal policies aimed at barring their participation in sports. Initial bans on transgender participation were mainly in elite swimming and high school athletics, but increasingly, these bans are extending to areas where the argument of an “unfair advantage” is even more challenging to justify. Recent controversies and bans have included transgender participation in disc golf, beauty pageants, and chess. Now, a new target has emerged for those opposing trans participation: pool.
On Saturday, the Daily Mail reported that Alexandra Cunha, currently ranked fifth in World Eightball Pool Foundation (WEPF), quit, stating, “I recently played against a transgender player and was devastated by the loss.” Her decision followed a policy change by the organization. Two months prior, their policy required participants to be “born female.” Following criticism, the organization amended its policy to allow transgender players, incorporating guidelines about medical transition and testosterone suppression in accordance with International Olympic Committee standards.
Cunha, along with other players against transgender inclusion who had started a Signal chat, argued that transgender women possess an unfair advantage in pool. They told The Daily Mail that transgender women might execute a stronger “break” in the game. It's important to note that no studies have been cited to confirm any such advantage for transgender women in pool.
Outrage from far-right newspapers and “gender critical” accounts was swift. Riley Gaines, also famous for placing in 5th place in a swimming race in which she competed against a transgender woman, retweeted a post calling a trans competitor a “trans identified male,” a derisive acronym used towards transgender women that shortens to “TIM,” a stereotypically masculine name. Helen Joyce, who has openly advocated for a “reduction” in trans people, called one of the women who quit “a bloody heroine.” News stories decrying trans participation in pool were pushed on the far-right website Breitbart as well as the “gender critical” magazine Reduxx.
Quickly though, people began to mock the idea of trans women having an insurmountable advantage at pool. Speak Out Sister, a trans-inclusive feminist organization, remarked, “Amazed to find out that strength is an advantage when playing pool. Guess the cues and balls are heavier than we knew.” User She Guevera jokingly responded, “Rightly so, they have a clear unfair advantage in judging angles and distances.🙄” Many others pointed out how the outrage over trans people in pool is similar to outrages of transgender people in other competitions with dubious “advantages” that transgender people supposedly have.
In recent months, transgender people have been targeted in a much wider variety of competitions than one might expect. Earlier this year, the Disc Golf Pro Tour announced it would shut down five events for all women just to stop a transgender woman from competing after she won a court case allowing her to compete. FIDE, the world’s largest chess organization, also made headlines earlier this year whenever it announced that under new guidelines, transgender women have “no right to participate” in women’s chess. Earlier this year, Italy banned transgender women from beauty pageants after a trans woman won the title of Miss Netherlands. Increasingly, the rationale for banning transgender people from these competitions has grown suspect.
It is important to note that the initial focus on transgender people in sports in the current wave of legislative attacks on trans people was a political calculation designed to usher in discrimination on transgender people. Terry Schilling, leader of The American Principles Project, described his organization’s initial relentless focus on trans people in sports as a means to an end: “The women's sports issue was really the beginning point in helping expose all this because what it did was, it got opponents of the LGBT movement comfortable with talking about transgender issues.” In a later interview with the New York Times, he stated, “We knew we needed to find an issue that the candidates were comfortable talking about, and we threw everything at the wall.”
Evidence does not support the claim that transgender athletes are dominating sports. Transgender women have been eligible to compete in the Olympics for two decades, yet no transgender woman has secured any medal. Furthermore, policies targeting transgender individuals often end up being used against cisgender athletes who face accusations of being transgender following their victories. In states where bans are not in place, individual organizations may implement various medical criteria related to transition for competition eligibility, as was the case with WEPF. Despite these measures, those opposing transgender inclusion remain discontent with the participation of transgender athletes in competitions against cisgender counterparts, regardless of the competition involved.