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I'd recommend BTRFS in RAID1 over hardware or mdadm raid. You get FS snapshotting as a feature, which would be nice before running a system update.
For disk drives, I'd recommend new if you can afford them. You should look into shucking: It's where you buy an external drive and then remove (shuck) the HDD from inside. You can get enterprise grade disks for cheaper than buying that same disk on its own. The website https://shucks.top tracks the price of various disk drives, letting you know when there are good deals.
How does the replacing of a HDD work on btrfs? Like if one failed and I'm using Debian, how do I rebuild the raid 1?
Or should I use an actual raid os?
Assuming that the disk is of identical (or greater) capacity to the one being replaced, you can run
btrfs replace.https://wiki.tnonline.net/w/Btrfs/Replacing_a_disk#Replacing_with_equal_sized_or_a_larger_disk