When researching the pagan origins of the Kaaba, you will most likely find sources that are either for or against Islam, with two conflicting narratives depending on the viewpoint of the person. I am not here to comment on Islam but rather focus on the Kaaba before it was taken over by Mohammed and was used for the worship of ancient gods. I do not mean to offend or imply anything about other faiths, but I feel called upon by the energies and spirits of that monument.
Muslim sources say that the Kaaba was overflowing with idols of various deities. None of these exist today and the details of which deities or even their names are lost to history due to destruction by monotheistic peoples and deliberate erasure of pre-Islamic paganism in Arabia, referred to as Wathanism. Wathanism was very tribal with various villagers worshiping different deities, and it is also believed to have been very syncretic with intermingling with Egyptian and Greek deities.
It is said that Mecca was monotheistic until a merchant from the city went north to the Levant, and returned with an idol of a pagan god. He allegedly put it down in front of the Kaaba and said to the people this would be their new god. This seems unlikely because monotheistic people would probably not worship a pagan idol out of nowhere without any explanation of what it is or its meaning. It is more likely that the Kaaba was originally a sacred, pagan site until its hijacking by the prophet of another religion that overtook it by force. Like other sacred sites that are currently occupied by Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, the old gods stand by waiting for any of the faithful to call upon them.