this post was submitted on 04 May 2024
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Just a minor clarification/correction: the "or later" part also depends on the license per se. There is a GPL-3.0-only and a GPL-3.0-or-later. Usually you'll find something like "or at your option any later version." if that is the case, but by default you should expect the GPL-3.0-only to apply.
I always found it a bit nebulous to have the "or later" statement / option. Because that is not precise and which GPL is meant to? Everyone can write a new version of the GPL. The "or later" does not specify which, it just implies it would be GNU GPL. It's been a long time since I read and studied the GPLv2, never v3 and I actually never really understood how the "or later" would be allowed.
Licensing is still confusing, even after more than a decade.
The standard GPL permission statement explicitly clarifies that the license is "as published by the Free Software Foundation" so any later version of the license has to come from the FSF.
The reason for the "or later" clause is to allow the FSF to update the GPL in response to flaws that are discovered. The "or later" clause is controversial because it effectively allows the FSF to change the licensing terms of any software licensed under such a clause, and so some developers who don't trust the FSF with this authority omit this clause. Famously, Linux is licensed only under GPLv2 with no or-later option (Linus has been a vocal opponent of GPLv3)
The “or later” is optional, the FSF specifically doesn’t have the power to update the terms of every GPL-licensed software because the wrote the clause in such a way that they don’t.
If I give you software licensed under the GPL3, and a GPL3.1 comes out, it doesn’t apply to your copy of the software. Likewise the copyright holder of the work is also not forced to relicense their software under the GPL3.1. And even if they did, copies of the software distributed under the GPL3 would still be licensed under the GPL3.
The “or later” clause simply means that if I received a copy of a GPL3 software, I can redistribute it under the GPL3.1 if I so wish (where “I” in the previous sentence is everyone with a copy of the work, as the GPL gives everyone with a copy redistribution rights)