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How terminal works
(kevroletin.github.io)
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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Yeah, they're mostly bits of hardware that turn ttl/serial into a USB device. Then you can use minicom or dterm to connect to the host. Mostly used for embedded development, but also useful for debugging servers that are not connecting to the network without having to lug a keyboard and screen.
After they're connected, if they speak vt110, your terminal emulator can display everything properly